ChIP is commonly used in the study of transcriptional factor binding site or protein modification site. With the development of NGS, the combination of CHIP and NGS, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-Seq), is now able to screen and identify the protein binding sites on the entire chromosomal scale with high efficiency and accuracy. Briefly, in vivo protein-DNA interaction complex is fixed and digested into small fragments and then immunoprecipitated by an antibody against the DNA-binding protein. This way, the protein-binding DNA fragments are enriched and can be analyzed by NGS so the protein binding sites in the entire genome can be mapped and characterized. ChIP-Seq is a valuable tool for discerning and quantifying the specific DNA sequences where proteins bind or epigenetic modifications exist.
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