This seems to work for me.

makeTxDbFromBiomart(biomart="ensembl", dataset="mmusculus_gene_ensembl",
                    transcript_ids=NULL, circ_seqs=DEFAULT_CIRC_SEQS,
                    filter=NULL, id_prefix="ensembl_",
                    host="www.ensembl.org", port=80,
                    taxonomyId=NA, miRBaseBuild=NA)

Download and preprocess the 'transcripts' data frame ... OK
Download and preprocess the 'chrominfo' data frame ... OK
Download and preprocess the 'splicings' data frame ... OK
Download and preprocess the 'genes' data frame ... OK
Prepare the 'metadata' data frame ... OK
Make the TxDb object ... OK
TxDb object:
# Db type: TxDb
# Supporting package: GenomicFeatures
# Data source: BioMart
# Organism: Mus musculus
# Taxonomy ID: 10090
# Resource URL: www.ensembl.org:80
# BioMart database: ENSEMBL_MART_ENSEMBL
# BioMart database version: Ensembl Genes 90
# BioMart dataset: mmusculus_gene_ensembl
# BioMart dataset description: mmusculus_gene_ensembl
# BioMart dataset version: GRCm38.p5
# Full dataset: yes
# miRBase build ID: NA
# transcript_nrow: 132305
# exon_nrow: 500562
# cds_nrow: 241239
# Db created by: GenomicFeatures package from Bioconductor
# Creation time: 2017-09-18 13:01:35 +0200 (Mon, 18 Sep 2017)
# GenomicFeatures version at creation time: 1.29.9
# RSQLite version at creation time: 2.0
# DBSCHEMAVERSION: 1.1

Can you include the output of the command sessionInfo(), so we can see what versions of packages you're using.  Here's mine for comparison.

> sessionInfo()
R version 3.4.1 (2017-06-30)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Linux Mint 18.1

Matrix products: default
BLAS: /home/msmith/Applications/R/R-3.4.1/lib/libRblas.so
LAPACK: /home/msmith/Applications/R/R-3.4.1/lib/libRlapack.so

locale:
 [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
 [3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8    
 [5] LC_MONETARY=de_DE.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8   
 [7] LC_PAPER=de_DE.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
 [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=de_DE.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       

attached base packages:
[1] stats4    parallel  stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets 
[8] methods   base     

other attached packages:
[1] GenomicFeatures_1.29.9 AnnotationDbi_1.39.3   Biobase_2.37.2        
[4] GenomicRanges_1.29.14  GenomeInfoDb_1.13.4    IRanges_2.11.16       
[7] S4Vectors_0.15.8       BiocGenerics_0.23.1   

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] Rcpp_0.12.12               compiler_3.4.1            
 [3] XVector_0.17.1             prettyunits_1.0.2         
 [5] bitops_1.0-6               tools_3.4.1               
 [7] zlibbioc_1.23.0            progress_1.1.2            
 [9] biomaRt_2.33.5             digest_0.6.12             
[11] bit_1.1-12                 lattice_0.20-35           
[13] RSQLite_2.0                memoise_1.1.0             
[15] tibble_1.3.4               rlang_0.1.2               
[17] Matrix_1.2-11              DelayedArray_0.3.19       
[19] DBI_0.7                    GenomeInfoDbData_0.99.1   
[21] rtracklayer_1.37.3         stringr_1.2.0             
[23] Biostrings_2.45.4          grid_3.4.1                
[25] bit64_0.9-7                R6_2.2.2                  
[27] XML_3.98-1.9               BiocParallel_1.11.8       
[29] blob_1.1.0                 magrittr_1.5              
[31] matrixStats_0.52.2         Rsamtools_1.29.1          
[33] GenomicAlignments_1.13.6   assertthat_0.2.0          
[35] SummarizedExperiment_1.7.8 stringi_1.1.5             
[37] RCurl_1.95-4.8