handling missing data (NA) for methylaion analysis in Limma
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mheydarpour ▴ 10
@mheydarpour-9430
Last seen 5.9 years ago

I have a final report methylation data for ~800k rows for CpG sites for 50 samples. There are many missing-values (NA) in this dataset which I have a problem when I want use Normalization and also differential methylation analysis in Limma. I just provide you a small sample of my data as follows: (Values of each cell is Beta-values)

CpG-sites sample1 sample2 sample3 sample4 sample5
cg01017367 0.6735 0.7229 0.6696 0.6561 0.6043
cg01485780 NA 0.7923 0.7458 NA 0.7526
cg02276259 0.4328 0.4618 0.4860 0.4493 0.3947
cg04315069 0.7968 NA 0.7816 0.8490 0.7797
cg06291348 0.3715 0.3593 NA 0.3172 0.2958
cg07495256 0.8986 0.9079 0.9192 0.9116 0.8012
cg07920074 0.7049 0.7388 0.7777 0.7039 NA

My question is: How to handle these missing-data (NA) in this huge dataset (~800k rows + 50 columns)? Is there any package in R to consider missing data? Is there a fast program to impute missing data in R? Thanks in advance for any advise

 

 

 

 

limma missing data methylation normalization • 2.8k views
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limma handles missing values naturally in lmFit. You'll have to be more precise about the nature of your problem.

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But when I run "lmFit", I got the following error in Limma:

fit=lmFit(CpG, design)
Error in rowMeans(y$exprs, na.rm = TRUE) : 'x' must be numeric

and I also have problem for Normalization of these Beta-values

 

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Aaron Lun ★ 28k
@alun
Last seen 3 hours ago
The city by the bay

Well, is your matrix numeric? This works fine for me:

CpG <- matrix(rnorm(1000), ncol=10, nrow=100)
CpG[sample(length(CpG), 100)] <- NA # Adding some missing values.
design <- model.matrix(~gl(2,5))
fit <- lmFit(CpG, design)

You'll have to be more precise about the problems you're having with normalization. As far as I am aware, the normalization methods in limma can deal with missing values. (Assuming, of course, that it makes sense to apply them to methylation data - I'm not familiar enough with this to be sure.) In any case, you shouldn't be using beta values for linear modelling, see https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-587.

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Thanks Aaron for you explanation.

My CpG-data matrix is numeric with some "NA" , however, I still got the same error when I run Limma with this design matrix:

design=model.matrix(~0+age+pheno)

where age is continuous variable and pheno is categorical outcome (0,1)

What would be the problem that I got the following error:

Error in rowMeans(y$exprs, na.rm = TRUE) : 'x' must be numeric

 

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Well, does running typeof(CpG) give you "double"?

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No, when I run "typeof(CpG)", it gave me "list"

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Well, there you go. Coerce it into a numeric matrix with as.matrix before running lmFit.

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I tried this: CpG2 <- as.matrix(CpG)

run: fit <- lmFit(CpG2, design)

Error: Error in rowMeans(y$exprs, na.rm = TRUE) : 'x' must be numeric

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Does running typeof(CpG) give you "double"?

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typeof(CpG2) gave me "character"

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Obviously, then, CpG2 is not a numeric matrix. There is one column in your original data frame (CpG) that is clearly non-numeric, and this causing as.matrix to produce a character matrix. The identity of the offending column is left as an exercise for the reader.

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CpG2 matrix : first column of this matrix is "CpG-sites-Name" and first row is "Sample-Id-Name".

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Correct! That is indeed the offending column. Now, try removing it from your data frame before you run as.matrix.

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